Over the centuries, packaging has been developed and refined to be lighter, provide better product protection, prevent spoilage and enhance marketing. Depending on the product, different styles of packaging are used that vary in their flexibility and rigidity. The intended purpose of packaging and other marketing considerations also influence the type of packaging used.
History of Packaging
Originally, there was little need for packaging because humans gathered or hunted food as they needed. Gradually, as civilization developed, humans realized that storing food was more convenient and also eliminated waste. The first food containers for food were made from items like leaves, coconut shells or hollowed-out wood. Early containers were made out of pottery and, eventually, glass. In 1809, French Chef Nicolas Appert created a way to store food in tin containers after Napoleon Bonaparte offered a prize for developing a safe food storage method for the military. Tin cans were patented the next year. Plastic, although available in the 19th century, was not widely converted into quality containers until the 20th century.
Styles of Packaging
There are generally three styles of packaging: rigid packaging, flexible packaging and semi-flexible packaging. Flexible packaging, such as plastic bags or paper, provides the least protection and is usually lightest in weight. Semi-flexible packaging provides more protection and is commonly used for cereal, rice, cookies, and other dry goods. Rigid packaging is sturdier and holds its shape more securely. In markets, rigid containers are usually used for items containing liquid.
Shipping Packaging
Rigid packaging like crates or heavy duty cartons is generally used to ship products. Packaging used for shipping ensures items arrive at their destination in safe condition. Sometimes, rigid packaging is combined with more flexible packaging to prevent movement and breakage when items are in transit. For example, crates may be stuffed with foam peanuts or paper to prevent jostling of items. Stamping words like "perishable" or "fragile" to shipping packaging also informs the handler of the nature of the contents.
Product Packaging
Products are generally packaged individually or with multiple items. The configuration of the package is often based on expected use, the nature of the item and marketing goals. The packaging also ensures that the product remains fresh and in good condition.
Another important purpose of product packaging is informational. Product packaging provides the consumer with nutritional information, pricing and expiration dates. If the item is not food related, the packaging may contain information about size, shape, or intended use of the item. The packaging provides consumers with information so that they can decide if the product suits their needs.
Other Packaging Considerations
Today packaging is an important marketing tool. Packaging influences how a product can be displayed, whether it is eye catching to the consumer, and also affects the overall weight of the product. In the 20th century plastic containers are popular, which are lighter for the consumer and retailer to carry. Additionally, many containers are recyclable since many consumers and retailers have a growing interest in conserving natural resources.
Tags: packaging provides, 20th century, food containers, packaging also, rigid packaging